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**​ Assistive Technology ** is a form of an accommodation for a student with a disability. It enables the student to perform normal classroom functions.

AT products can be organized by disability like we did when we created the online database of AT products. It can also be organized by area of accommodation as it is on the AT Checklist developed by the Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative. (download this document and look it over)

In this wiki, I would like you to research three items from the checklist. Find at least two products that accommodate each specific checklist item. Explain what the products do and when you would need them (what is the disability the product is designed to accommodate?).

Start by reserving the three checklist items you selected so nobody else does them by typing your name, in bold, at the beginning of the line followed by the checklist item (see the example below).
 * Dr. Cohen** - Software with cueing for math computation

Then, after you have done your research, enter a description of the product, what is supposed to do for the person who uses it. Be sure to include the URLs of sites you used for reference.

Be sure you have included answers to the following questions: 1) What is the item (give a description)? 2) Why would someone need it (what would be their symptoms)? 3) What purpose would it serve? Cite the websites you used (include the URLs).

For example; If it were to describe a bicycle this way I might say: 1) A bicycle is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. 2) People who need or want to transport themselves to a different location can make use of a bicycle. 3) A bicycle helps people get where they are going. It is cheaper than buying a car or taking public transportation and is faster than walking. [|http://www.pedalinghistory.com/]

//__**Alyssa Timmerman**__// **Manipulative/Math Line (Math)**  1. Math line is a hands on manipulative and a concept building system that helps to bridge the gap between the concrete and abstract in math. There is one to one correspondence between the concrete objects and abstract numbers. It is more than just a manipulative; it is a supplemental math program. It can be used with 50 elementary level concepts, including addition, subtraction, place value, multiplication, and division. It is self-contained and has no loose pieces making it less likely that students will loose pieces and is quick to set up in the classroom. 2. Any one can benefit from using math line, including mainstream students, special education students, and gifted students. It also can benefit a wide range of students who have various disabilities. Students who need a multi-sensory approach or who struggle with abstract concepts would especially benefit. Math line incorporates tactile, kinesthetic, auditory, and visual learning so it covers all the bases for using the senses to learn. Math line could also benefit children with attentional issues because they are keeping busy while learning math instead of just sitting and listening. Math line could also help children who have auditory processing issues. 3. The purpose math line serves is to allow children to have a concrete object to coincide with the abstract concepts and symbols in math. Students would have their own math line in front of them so as they are learning new concept, such as regrouping, they can actually see what regrouping looks like. Using math line can help students understand math concepts more easily and also retain the information better because it is such a multi-sensory approach. http://howbrite.com/index.html

**On-Screen Calulator (Math)**  1. On-screen calculators can vary in how they look and how advanced they are. All current computers have some type of basic on-screen calculator. There are other on-screen calculators that can be found online. Some are very advanced and allow the user to see everything they have inputed. Other calculators are very big, making it easy to see what the user is clicking on. 2. Reasons for needing an online calculator are very diverse. For example, the need for a giant online calculator may benefit someone with visual difficulties. More advanced on-screen calculators could benefit people with learning disabilities or memory issues because they can see everything they are typing in as they do it. This also allows the user to identify any mistakes as they are doing equations. On-screen calculators, in general, are easier to see than a hand-held calculators. Often with hand held calculators, the numbers may be faint or small, making it hard to see. 3. The purpose of an on-screen calculator is that is can make it easier to solve equation in comparison to a typical hand held calculator. http://www.freedownloadscenter.com/Business/Enhanced_Calculators/Full_screen_calculator.html []

**Signaling Device (Flashlight or Vibration) (Hearing)** 1. A signaling flashlight or vibration device is a device that can be used by the deaf or hard of hearing to signal something. For example, a deaf person cannot hear the phone ringing, but with a flashlight signaling device, they will know that the phone is ringing. Signaling devices can also be vital for the safety of the deaf or hard of hearing. Smoke detectors must be attached to some type of flashlight in order to alert someone to danger. Signaling devices can be attached to many different things to make the lives of people with disabilities easier. 2. Flashlight or vibrating signaling devices are especially helpful and often times necessary for people who are deaf and hard of hearing.

3. The purpose of a signaling device is to let people who are deaf and hard of hearing know when devices are going off even though the devices typical make noise.

http://www.tndeaflibrary.nashville.gov/index.htm

Nicole Brunelle

**Communication-Board/book with pictures, objects, letters, and words.** Disability- Communication Disorder Products- Picture This Communication, Picture This, Mayer Johnson Why needed- Helps improve the quality of life for people with communication disorders Typically, children with Autism process visual information easier than auditory information. These devices are used to deliver information to their strongest processing area (visual). Also some children with autism are unable to communicate and often need communication devices to help them communicate.

// Picture This Communication // has developed a tool that facilitates open dialogue with individuals who have difficulty with word recall, word formation, and word association. Picture this improves the quality of life for people with communication disorders. It allows them to reduce the risk of social isolation and enhance communication. It increases functional communication skills. []

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) Link www.pecs.com Description- A tool used for basic communication. One example of a PECS is a stack of individual picture cards with the word of the item written at the top of the card. The cards are whole punched and attached with a metal ring. If the child wants a banana, they can show their caregiver or teacher the drawing of the banana. This provides a way for the child to communicate without frustration and enables them to be the one initiating the communication exchange. Starter Kit ($170) additional books and materials range from $10-150.

The Mayer-Johnson software program Link [] Description- Boardmaker, is a user-friendly program for both adults and children (18). The program offers a 3,000 Picture Communication Symbol (PCS) library in either black/white or color, and can be accompanied by any written word/message. The symbols can be made in any size, and tend to be universally understood. They present a relatively clear, 'uncluttered' representation and remove any ambiguity, which can sometimes arise when using photographs, especially personally-made photographs. ($259 and up) Typically, children with Autism process visual information easier than auditory information. Boardmaker is used to deliver information to their strongest processing area (visual). Also some children with autism are unable to communicate and often need communication devices to help them communicate.

__Kendra Kelley - MOBILITY

Grab Bars__ 1. Grab bars are simple hardware devices that can be attached to stationary objects. They assist the user by providing a secure, ergonomic support to hold when moving to stand, walk, or sit. 2. People with physical impairments, balance concerns, and muscle weakness can benefit from these products. 3. Grab bars allow users to move with increased independence and security, prevent fails, and may be employed in occupational and physical therapy treatment. www.mrgrabbar.com

__Manual wheelchair__ 1. A manual wheelchair is a transportation device that allows the user use their arms to move a chair attached to two large wheels (eliminating the need for lower body mobility). These chairs may also include pockets and bags to allow transportation of other items on the chair. 2. People with limited use of their lower body, those with paralysis//, illness, amputation, or other lower body movement restriction but with typical upper body ability may use a wheelchair to move on ramps, walks, and other relatively smooth surfaces. 3. The wheelchair allows for increased personal mobility, physical access, and independence in personal transportation and transportation of personal items. www.spinlife.com

__Power wheelchair__ 1. Power wheelchairs are transportation devices which allow users to employ electric switches to power a wheeled chair to move. These switches may be activated in a variety. For example, they may be activated by hand, by head movement, or verbal command. They may include additional physical supports and straps to ensure the user to safely secured in the chair. These chairs may also include pockets and bags to allow transportation of other items on the chair. 2. People with moderate to severe physical impairments such as paralysis, palsy, amputation, and motor control limitations, and progressive health impairments which limit physical motion and control may use a power wheelchair. 3. The power wheelchair allows for increased personal mobility, physical access, and independence in personal transportation and transportation of personal items. www.pridemobility.com/ //**//

__Amy Richardson__- Hearing- Classroom amplification system Hearing- Computer aided note-taking Math- Talking Calculator //**

**Alison Fila** ('reserved items')
 * Written Material: Word cards / books - Word Walls!
 * Math: Manipulatives including Math lines and adapted paper
 * Math: Software for manipulation of objects

Elementary math includes 3 phases: 1) manipulative (modeling / hands-on), 2) visual and 3) abstract (# ‘crunching’, on-your-own practice). The first phase is essential for establishing a good foundation of elementary math concepts. There is an abundance of math manipulatives for all students, including those with disabilities and various learning styles. The products I’ve chosen specifically target elementary students.
 * Alison Fila: Math Manipulative s **

1) Number Tiles – 162 double-sided, color-coded, bold #’s (1-100) and operation signs. Sturdy, chipboard tiles, 1 7/8” in each, ages 5+ 2) Most students benefit from hands-on math activities; manipulatives are designed for kinesthetic learners. Manipulatives put math ‘in motion’; kinesthetic learners concentrate better and learn more when movement is involved. 3) This low-tech aid (number tiles) is designed to help students understand # concepts (1-100), explore patterns, compare place value and compute math operations. There are dozens of activities teachers can employ with number tiles. Source: www.lakeshorelearning.com

1) Tangrams - available in magnetic, foam, plastic, or for overhead use (transparent). Sold in classroom sets with picture cards, activity books and puzzles. 2) Tangrams aid the development of hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and visual memory and thinking. They’re a low-cost kinesthetic aid, designed for elementary (ages 4+). Students who have difficulty identifying shapes and colors use tangrams to develop geometry skills. 3) Tangrams are 7-piece puzzles that can be assembled into a square, or hundreds of other shapes. They’re ideal for improving spatial reasoning, identifying 2-D shapes, geometric patterns and symmetry. Source: www.lakeshorelearning.com, [|www.enasco.com] 1) Word Wall - A word wall is a list of words (sometimes accompanied by a picture) that are related to each other in some way. Word walls are used to teach a language concept (vocabulary / spelling) and can be used in any discipline. Word walls display large letters on a classroom wall visible/easily-accessible to all students. Word walls are used in collective and individual classroom exercises. 2) Word walls should be printed in large, easy-to-read font for students with visual impairment(s). Word walls also help students who have difficulty with phonics, spelling and organizing written concepts. 3) The key to using a classroom word wall is repetition. Get students in the habit of using and referring to the word wall. Source: www.abcteach.com, www.edhelper.com
 * Alison Fila: Composing Written Material**

1) Illustrative “picture” Books are a popular form of illustrated literature; a book with comparatively few words and at least one picture on each page, used to enhance language and literacy.  2) Illustrative books help ELL learners facilitate language acquisition as well as benefit visual and kinesthetic learning styles. They promote reading ability and comprehension for all students and help learners decode meaning from text, evaluate mood, feeling and perspective. 3) Picture books are used in ELA and cross-curricular subjects. More specifically, these texts work as a ‘//magnifying glass//’ that enlarges and enhances a reader’s personal reaction. Our society is ‘visually-oriented’, picture books help readers form mental images and develop higher-level thinking skills. Source: www.kids.nypl.org/reading, www.gutenberg.org, www.nmsa.org


 * Alison Fila: Software for Math **

1) Math Blaster! A CD-ROM software package, Teachers Edition (grades 1-5+). Supported by MAC and Windows operating systems. 2) Math Blaster is a teacher developed and tested program to help students who struggle with math. There are 8 levels of gameplay that combine fast-action with state-standard math content (including # sense, patterns and algebra, operations and problem-solving). The software generates progress reports for ‘players’. PC’s can be modified to include alternate accessories (keyboard / mouse / headphones) for students with physical disabilities. The software can be purchased and used for at-home tutoring and to enhance motor skills/typing during PC play. 3) The purpose of using this software is to increase math confidence, drill and practice of basic math skills and improve math scores on standardized tests. Source: www.lakeshorelearning.com, www.amazon.com, www.knowledgeadventure.com/mathbaster

1) SmartDraw Education Edition 2010 is easy to use "business graphics" software that is compatible with Microsoft Office. It is designed for high school students (grades 9 – 12); SmartDraw provides "visual productivity". The software includes hundreds of pre-drawn graphic templates including flow charts, mind maps, project time lines, organization charts, colorful 3-D graphs, and decision trees. 2) SmartDraw provides students with the knowledge and ability to be successful in their future endeavors, specifically the corporate world. The software helps students organize thoughts, design graphs and presentations and plan project schematics. 3) IT teachers can use SmartDraw for Graphic Design, Engineering/Accounting and Web-Based IT courses. It is designed for amateurs and used by professionals but beware of system requirements! Source: www.smartdraw.com, www.amazon.com, www.cadinfo.net

Sticky Keys allows students to type combination keystrokes without pressing the keys simultaneously.
 * ** Slow Keys ** helps children with unsteady hands or difficulty in key targeting.
 * ** Auto-repeat ** can be disabled to support students with reflex control challenges.
 * ** High-contrast LCD screen ** and multiple font sizes help children with vision challenges.
 * ** Linked Files ** make it easy to provide customized assignments, instruction, and support materials.

1) What is the item (give a description)? An oversized keyboard has keys much larger than typical keyboards. 2) Why would someone need it (what would be their symptoms)? For some with either range of motion and/or eyesight problems. The keys are large enough to see and large enough to type. 3) What purpose would it serve? It would allow someone not able to utilize a typical keyboard be able to type. [|www.bigkeys.com]

//**__COMPOSING WRITTEN MATERIAL__**//

1. A pocket dictionary or thesaurus is small enough to fit in your pocket and is used to look up the meaning of a word (dictionary) or find another word with the same or similar meaning (thesaurus). 2. Students who have trouble with written tasks can use this to help them with spelling, pronunciation of words, finding synonyms and antonyms, and remembering the meaning of a words or finding alternate meanings of words. 3. The pocket dictionary or thesaurus can be used to do the things listed above. This allows students to be able to compose written assignments without spending a long time thinking of how to spell a word, find out its meaning, or doing any of the other things listed above.
 * Amy Richardson- Pocket dictionary/thesaurus**

Scholastic Pocket Dictionary

[|__http://store.scholastic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay_Scholastic+Pocket+Dictionary_11647_-1_10052_10051__]

Scholastic Pocket Thesaurus

[|__http://store.scholastic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay_Scholastic+Pocket+Thesaurus_11645_-1_10052_10051__]

Oxford Pocket Dictionary and Thesaurus

[|__http://www.google.com/products/catalog?hl=en&q=pocket+dictionary+and+thesaurus&cid=4270192603844730053&sa=title#p__]

[]
 * Stephen Oftring**
 * Amy DeAvilla**
 * =//WordQ ® // Writing Software=

WordQ 2.6 for Windows (XP and Vista 32-bit) and WordQ 2.0 for Mac OS X (10.4 - 10.5) is now available!
//WordQ// is a software tool used along with standard writing software. //WordQ// suggests words for you to use and provides spoken feedback to help you find mistakes. Users of all ages who have problems writing and editing, particularly those with learning disabilities (LD), can benefit from using //WordQ//. It features a carefully thought-out design with only essential functions that have demonstrated benefits to help students write. Word prediction and speech feedback are important functions that bolster students' strengths to assist writing. //WordQ// was researched and developed at Bloorview Kids Rehab, an internationally renowned children’s rehabilitation hospital located in Toronto, Canada along with educators and professionals working with students with learning disabilities. A special text-reading mode helps you proofread. With Microsoft® Word, WordPad, Notepad or Outlook, text can be highlighted and read aloud within that application. //WordQ// does not correct your grammar, sort out your punctuation or provide you with creative ideas. Instead //WordQ// allows you to independently write your own ideas, and check your spelling, grammar and punctuation so that you can become a more competent and confident writer. //WordQ// benefits a wide range of users; it helps develop confidence, improves productivity, increases self-esteem and fosters a spirit of inclusion – some of our users say that it has changed their lives! The main advantage of //WordQ// over other products is that it is extremely clean, simple and easy-to-use. Teachers in special education will appreciate its simplicity. //WordQ 2// includes: //WordQ// 2.0 for Mac OS 10.4 - 10.5 is our first release for Mac OS X. It is functionally identical to //WordQ// 2.6 for Windows. An update for Mac OS 10.6 Snow Leopard is planned for November 2009. Website: [|**http://www.wordq.com/**] ||
 * Natural sounding text-to-speech
 * In-context prediction for corrections
 * Usage examples for confusing words
 * Predictions based on creative spelling

**Susan Ross -** Electronic/talking dictionary, thesaurus, spell check 1. Talking Dictionary is a speech enabled 250,000 word English dictionary and thesaurus software product. All the controls are easily remembered keyboard shortcuts and it is a very fast and easy program to use. It is designed to be used as a stand alone program, meaning you don't need any kind of screen reading software or anything else to use it. Your PC must run Windows 95 or greater and you must have a sound card or speakers. There are many outstanding features, such as a powerful spell check and the ability to quickly scroll through various word definitions and synonyms. The text and screen sizes are easily adjustable for partially sighted users and it is browsable from word to word like an electronic book. This program also comes with a complete 'getting started' tutorial and a comprehensive help is built into the product. 2. It is designed to assist individuals with visual impairment, blindness, and those students with communication disorders. Hearing word pronunciations also helps anyone needing to improve English language skills. 3. This product offers an effective way for the above individuals to have independent access to information. RWF Talking Software - [] **Susan Ross -** Text-to -speech word processor 1. Kurzweil 3000 is a software application that reads aloud, visually indicates the text being read, and employs a number of advanced techniques for making the material (computer document, word processor text, or web page) available to users through multiple sensory channels, letting them simultaneously see, hear, and track words. Speech features such as speed and voice clarity, word highlighting, and text sizing are considerations when choosing a specific text-to-speech program. 2. This product is the solution for individuals with learning disabilities struggling with written expression due to difficulties with spelling and/or handwriting (limited spelling, vocabulary, letter reversals, dysgraphia, grammar, punctuation, and structure). It is also helpful to those who are English Language Learners or anyone needing or wanting auditory verification of what they are seeing in print. 3. Because it is content independent, teachers in all grade levels use it to help students succeed in the classroom regardless of curriculum or lesson plan. It increases fluency, offers decoding support and independent test taking, teaches study skills, and contains writing and self-editing tools. Kurzweil Educational Systems - [|http://www.kurzweiledu.com] **Susan Ross - T**rackball/pad, alternate mouse 1. A trackball works like an upside-down mouse. Instead of rolling the ball on the table by sliding the mouse around, the ball is moved directly by the user. The trackball does not need to be grabbed; only the ball must be nudged. Most people move the ball with their hands, but it can also be operated with a chin, elbow, foot, ot stick held in the mouth. It comes in many sizes, including ones that can be operated by a single finger. A trackball separates the movement of the pointer from the mouse clicks. Many offer the left and right mouse buttons plus one or two more which can be programmed to be a double click or 'click and drag' function. 2. This product is for those who have less fine motor control and for those who find a sustained grip on the traditional mouse uncomfortable. Since the trackball remains in a stationary position on the desk or mounted on a stand, it can be a good option for a person with a limited range of motion. 3. Trackballs offer an effective way for individuals to comfortably use their computers. It lets a person move the computer cursor more easily with his/her hand, or by not using hands at all. Turning Point Technology - []

1.Speaking Language Master LM-6000B** The Speaking Language Master by Franklin is a handheld reference tool. You can use Franklin's Dynamic Phonics Guide to hear how letters in a word sound. Includes 130,000 words, 300,000 definitions, over 500,000 synonyms, a Grammar Guide and a phonetic spell check. 2. This product can be useful for someone with a written language disability. 3. For students who struggle with written language, this tool is an effective way of editing their work as they produce it; improving their on demand writing. [|ttp://www.franklin.com/estore/dictionary/LM-6000B/]
 * Sharon Yandell- electronic talking dictionary, thesaurus, spell check

//__**READING**__// PageFlip Lite Automatic Page Turner [PFLITE001] ** 1. This page turner product is reliable in turning one page at a time. It requires the user to separate up to 10 sheets (20 pages) at a time into slots that will be individually turned. The following contents are included: Page turner, wireless pedal, book clamp, support stand, universal AC adapter with US/UK/Europe plugs, carrying case, and [|user manual]. 2. This product would be helpful with students who have a physical disability that impairs there movement. It can also be helpful with students who have visual spatial difficulties, visual impairment or fine motor difficulties. 3. The automatic page turner can help keep students focused on the task and in alignment with their peers. As a result it can help build fluency and consistency along with overall greater comprehension of text. [|www.pagehands.com]
 * Ashley Gunner -****

2. This tool can be used for anyone with reading difficulties such as dyslexia or for those who are blind or have low vision. 3. For people who have trouble reading they simply scan the material and the Intel Reader produces an audio format of the text. The content can be stored to a library to access at a later time and the audio can be changed to suit individual preferences. []
 * Sharon Yandell-Talking electronic devices/software**
 * 1. The Intel Reader combines a camera and computer to allow users to point, shoot and then listen to printed text. It is portable weighing about a pound so it can be used at school, work, restaurants, anywhere.**

//__**MATH**__//

1. A talking calculator is a calculator where every key stroke is spoken back to the user. Each number and operation sign is spoken clearly. 2. Students with visual impairments can use this calculator to help them perform math computations with ease. 3. The talking calculator helps students with visual impairments. It allows them to hear what buttons are being pressed so they can perform math computations without making errors.
 * Amy Richardson- Talking Calculator**

[|__http://www.lssproducts.com/product/4318/talking-calculators__]

Orion TI-36X, Talking Scientific Calculator

[|__http://www.lssproducts.com/product/3914/talking-calculators__]

[]
 * Stephen Oftring**
 * __HEATHER HODSDON__ ** - CALCULATOR WITH LARGE KEYS/LCD DISPLAY

PRODUCT EXAMPLES: __Function__: Performs basic math computations and displays them with large print. __Features__: Large desktop calculator has a tilt display with 1- inch numbers, and large keypad features 5/8- inch square buttons and easy to distinguish function keys. Measures 6.5” x 9” x 1”. __Considerations__: Uses solar or battery power. __Function__: Performs basic math computations and displays them with large print. __Features__: Super large 8-digit calculator measures 8.5” x 11.5” and has digits that measure ¾”. Angled display also allows positioning for optimal viewing.
 * 1)  Calculators may perform basic calculations or be suitable for statistical, scientific or financial calculations.
 * 2)  People with m  obility and vision impairments  may have difficulty seeing the LCD screen or number keys on a standard calculator.  A calculator with large keys and/or LCD display assists with this difficulty.
 * 3) People with low vision or mobility impairments would gain independence with these calculators because they would be able to more easy see the keys and screen and press the keys on their own. This independence could allow them to complete financial calculations or math requirements for school or a job.
 * 1. Dual Power Calculator (12 Digit) ** $23.95,
 * 2. Giant Low Vision Calculator ** $19.95
 * WEBSITE ** : All information from [|http://assistivetech.net]

//__**COMPUTER ACCESS**__// . [] []
 * Stephen Oftring**


 * Tessa Grassetti Keyguard**

1) A keyguard is a plastic or metal plate that sits above the keys on a standard keyboard. There are slight differences between hundreds of keyboards, which means that it might be difficult to get a keyguard to fit any given keyboard. Fortunately keyboards are very cheap (cheaper than the guard, in fact) so it's usually best to buy the two devices together to make sure that they fit. 2) Keyguards are designed for individuals with fine motor and other upper extremity disabilities. 3) The user can rest their hands on top of the guard while typing and therefore reduce strain on the upper limb. The keyguard helps increase typing accuracy, and in some instances typing speed. [] 1) ** Keyboard with Keyguard: ** The Keyboard with Keyguard is a modified keyboard designed for use by individuals with upper extremity disabilities. Available in a standard Windows keyboard with Windows keys, a 101-key mini keyboard, or an extended Macintosh keyboard, the keyboard comes with a pre-attached unbreakable Lexan keyguard with smoothly-finished holes properly aligned with each key to eliminate unwanted keystrokes. COMPATIBILITY: Models are available for use with IBM and compatible computers with AT/PS2 connection or for use with Macintosh computers with ADB or USB connection. DIMENSIONS: The Mini Keyboard is 6 x 11.5 inches. The keyguards are 0.125 inch thick. $180.00. [] 2) ** IntelliKeys Keyguards: ** The clear acrylic keyguards lock onto your IntelliKeys for added sturdiness and ease-of-use. Individual keyguards are available for each of the Standard Overlays that come with IntelliKeys Classic and IntelliKeys USB. Eight layouts, sold in groups of four, are available. Just snap these onto your custom overlays. The Overlay Maker program provides templates to aid you in designing overlays to fit keyguard layouts. Price Range $25.00-$200.00 based on features. []
 * Examples of Products: **


 * Chris Adams -****On-Screen Keyboard**

1. An on-screen keyboard is a virtual keyboard appearing on the computer screen which allows the user more options than a standard keyboard would. This keyboard can usually be modified based on user preference, such as different languages. There are on-screen keyboards for almost every operating system, many coming preinstalled. These keyboards can also be controlled via switches or other alternative mouse systems. 2. An individual would need this if they could not physically utilize a keyboard due to range of motion issues. This can also be used to access characters not on a physical keyboard, such as for foreign languages. 3. This device allows impaired individuals to “type” using a mouse or input device other than a physical keyboard. This allows users to have full access to computer software, like word processors, which otherwise they would not be able to fully utilize.

Website: [] Examples 1. Microsoft Windows Onscreen Keyboard ( [] ) 2. Clik N Type (Free on-screen keyboard) ( [] )

1. An arm support is a padded support clipped onto a desk and used to support the arm when using the mouse of a computer. 2. Someone would use an arm support in order to alleviate muscle fatigue when spending time on the computer. Arm supports are also useful to people confined to wheelchairs because the mouse can be placed on the arm support. The user does not need to be able to fit his or her wheelchair under the computer desk in order to use the computer. It also helps to alleviate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. 3. Using an arm support allows people to use a computer for long periods of time without experiencing muscle pain. It helps to avoid arm fatigue as well as muscle tension in the neck and shoulders. Arm supports also reduce tension on the back and spine as well as the eyes, by forcing the user to sit a safe distance away from the screen.
 * Lauren Convery-Arm Support**


 * Arm Supports:**

[] []
 * Ergo Rest Arm Support**: $99.40
 * True Arm: Arm and Mouse Support**: $139.95

//__**LEARNING/STUDYING/ORGANIZATION**__// 1.This is a schedule that is set up using objects, pictures, or words that show the students their activities in the order they are to be completed. These schedules can either reflect an entire school day, a few activities at a time, or a breakdown of a specific task. Often, the student can start with one of these types of schedules and then transition to another as they progress. Object- A row of boxes (ex. shoeboxes) in each of which an object is placed that represents an activity that will occur. These objects are ones used at the beginning of an activity (ex. a swimsuit that will be used for swimming). The objects are placed in the boxes in the order that these activities will occur. When the activity is completed, it is placed into a discard box. Picture- A set of pictures or symbols place in the order that the activities will occur. Often, these pictures are photographs, Mayer-Johnson symbols, or Clip Art pictures. They can be displayed using Velcro on cardboard, a clipboard, in a notebook, on cloth or electronically using a device such as a Dynavox communication system. Print- This is best for students who are readers, although it can be combined with a picture schedule to enhance vocabulary. Words are used that represent each activity and they are place in the order the activities are to be completed. This is done in much the same way as the picture schedule is done except with words substituted for pictures. It can also be presented in the form of a written list where the student crosses or checks off each activity as it is completed. 2.These schedules can help those with a wide variety of disabilities and disorders including individuals:
 * Jessica Clemons-** Object/picture/print schedule

3.The purpose these 3 schedules serve is to:
 * who have difficulty communicating,
 * with learning disorders,
 * with trouble adapting to changes in their schedule,
 * who have difficulty with transitions,
 * who have a negative reaction to scheduled activities not occurring,
 * who have a negative reaction to unscheduled activities occurring.

[] [] [] __[]__ 1.These are items that help a student with a disability with learning, studying, and organization. Almost all students can benefit from some help with these skills and these items are only considered Assistive Technology when a student needs them in order to be successful.
 * increase understanding by utilizing visual strengths and providing a receptive communication system,
 * to provide information in an easily understood format,
 * help the individual to learn new things and broaden their interests,
 * provide tools that allow the individual to use skills in a variety of settings, increase the individual’s flexibility,
 * help the individual remain calm when faced with transitions or schedule changes,
 * reduce inappropriate behaviors,
 * helps the individual to increase independence,
 * Increase self-esteem,
 * Assist with expressing desired activities,
 * Assist with organization.
 * Jessica Clemons-** Low tech aids to find materials (index tabs, color coding)

2.These kinds of Assistive Technologies are used for students with learning disabilities, ADHD, developmental delays, autism, organizational struggles, difficulties finding assignment or locating the materials needed to complete a task, difficulties focusing, or difficulties keeping their materials in the right place. 3.Low tech aids to find materials help students to learn and study more effectively. They also serve to make keeping organized a more manageable task. __[] []__ 1.Tools that enable students to highlight text help with organization and remembering material that is being learned or studied. Using these technologies will make key words stand out in a text, isolate one part of the text, or help the student to keep their place within the text.
 * Color coding- usually done by subject. Can be as simple as a different colored folder for each subject or more in depth (ex. Math=red, red folder, red textbook cover, red box for supplies).
 * Graphic organizers- used to break projects into manageable chunks
 * Checklists- used to break projects, assignments, or tasks into parts or steps
 * Labeled bins- for homework, handouts, or supplies
 * Index tabs- used to divide binders into manageable sections such as: homework, class handouts, lab reports, graded work, etc.
 * Jessica Clemons-** Highlight text (markers, highlight tape, ruler, etc.)

2. These kinds of Assistive Technologies are used for students with learning disabilities, ADHD, developmental delays, autism, low vision, organizational struggles, difficulties keeping their place within text, difficulties focusing, or difficulties picking out the keywords in text. 3.Highlighting text makes important information stands, helps students find information faster and with more ease, and enhances organization and memorization. [] __[]__
 * Highlighter pens- These are used to highlight text, isolate certain parts of text, or accentuate key words. Using these can help with figure/ground problems when reading long passages.
 * Highlighter tape- These are also used to accentuate, highlight, isolate text but have the added advantage of use with text that can’t be altered permanently (ex. library book). Students can also use these like a post-it note to write notes or labels.
 * Ruler- This can be place under each line of text as a student is reading to help them to keep their place within the text and isolate 1 line of text.

Dan Beane - communication board, simple voice output devices http://store.mayer-johnson.com/us/boardmaker-family/boardmaker-v-6.html Boardmaker software is the premier software among educators for creating printed symbol-based communication and educational materials. A drawing program combined with a graphics database, Boardmaker features more than 4,500 Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) in 44 languages, all in both color and black-and-white. Boardmaker v. 6 helps you create symbol-based materials like: ... Symbol-supported literacy activities for beginning and pre-readers And that's just the beginning! - Add more symbols to the core library, add digital images or other graphics. The possibilities never end! A powerful handheld speech device with TOP quality voices from Neospeech voices! http://www.gusinc.com/2010/PocketComX51.html TheThe Pocket Communicator X51 is an excellent choice for a handheld speech aid. Originally introduced in 2001, the Pocket Communicator X51 continues to be one of our most popular systems. Viewable indoors and outdoors, even in direct sunlight. With “instant on” (like a calculator), there is no waiting. Press ON and start speaking...wherever you are!! Typical users of the Pocket Communicator are.... 1. *Autistic children who want a small speech aid that can use pictures and/or text for communication. A device that offers “instant speech” for communicating quickly and easily with friends and family. 2. *Adults with normal vision and finger dexterity who want a handheld speech device that does NOT look like a medical device and offers Neospeech quality voices. Conditions like stroke, cancer, laryngectomy, ALS, head injury, dysarthria, aphasia and more. Marion Gagnon Eye Eye Gaze Board An eye gaze communication board (also known as an e-tran) is a vertically held/mounted board, made of plexiglass or sturdy paper with a window cut in the middle. This device enables children with severe speech and orthopedic impairments to communicate by focusing their gaze on selected items displayed on the board. Items can be displayed in any configuration and can be encoded to provide more choices on each board. Eye gaze boards are useful for individuals who are unable to speak or use their hands to point out pictures or symbols on a communication display. They can provide a quick and easier response time for day to day activities with minimal set-up time for the caretaker. Use of an eye-gaze board allows the individual to make choices, express an opinion and interact with caretakers, teachers, and friends relating to ADL’s such as clothing choices, food choices, school work, or play activities. Although some users also access higher tech options, the eye gaze board is frequently quicker and less tiring for day to day activities. http://www.connsensebulletin.com/eyegaze.html
 * //__COMMUNICATION__//**

Laura Salkins- alternative mouse Wave switch-adapted trackball is for students who prefer to work alone, or in small groups. WAVE is an affordable trackball for plug-and-play access to any computer. It is specifically designed for users with limited hand control, motor skill difficulty, hand-eye coordination challenges, and/or involuntary muscle spasms. The wave switch features an oversized trackball with free-running movement that requires only the slightest touch. Color-coded buttons allow for left/right clicks, as well as drag lock, giving users the ability to “lock on” to a screen object so it can be dragged without continuously pressing a button. · 2 switch input jacks for single-switch access to left/right click buttons ... www.ablenetinc.com SEATING & POSITIONING ... Gunner - Bolster, Blocks for feet 1. The Pine Tree Society Foot Stool is useful in a variety of settings. 2. Students who have a physical disability or difficulties in the area of gross motor, along with students who receive occupational and/or physical therapy could benefit from this product. Students who have difficulty sitting in their chairs during instruction could possibly also benefit from this product. 3. This product is used to improve posture and increase optimum positioning. The use of foot stools in the classroom setting has helped children be more comfortable when sitting at a table or desk and prevents scissoring. http://www.pinetreesociety.org/products.asp?cat=12&pg=2 Andrea Marren Adapted/alternate chair, stander The Comfort Store is a great site for finding alternative seating for both students and adults. Everything from exercise ball chairs to floor chairs. I especially like the exercise ball chair that comes in a stand with legs, so that the ball doesn’t move out from underneath the student. Only down fall to this chair is the student will not get as much movement out of the ball as he or she normally would if the ball was just on the ground. The point of the ball is so that the student can have safe movement. I know I have a student using one right now and it has made a hundred percent difference. This student used to get up all day, pencil would fly across the room. After almost a week of using it he doesn’t get up as much, no pencils have flown across the room, both feet stay on the floor at all times, and he rarely turns around. He rolls back and forth on the ball, and bounces. My students sit in pairs and he was bothering the girl that sat next to him so I moved their desks apart, though they are still partners, and now everyone seems happy. Sometimes he bounces to hard on the ball and I have to remind him the bouncing is ok, and that is what the ball is for, but we do have to be gentle with it as it is a tool. Also I have to make him understand that it is a privilege to use the ball and at anytime it can be taken away, which helps with behavior as well. http://sitincomfort.com/alseat.htmlhttp://sitincomfort.com/alseat.html

MOBILITY Marion Gagnon- Walker A walker is a device used for individuals who need additional support to maintain balance and/or stability while walking. A walker consists of a standing frame that surrounds three sides of the user’s body. The user must be able to either hold the top frame at the sides of the body or have enough upper extremity strength and control to support the body if he is strapped to arm rests. Most simply the walker is picked up and placed a short distance ahead of the user. The user then steps to it and repeats the process. With the use of arm rests, straps, wheels and glides, the user may push the walker ahead as opposed to picking it up. This makes for easier use of the walker, as it does not require the user to use their arms to lift the walker. This is beneficial for those with little arm strength. The frame of the walker can be front or rear facing, depending on the skills of the user. A seat can also be added for rear-facing walkers to provide a resting place for the user. ... As a mobility device, today’s walkers allow the user to access his environment as safely and independently as possible. The wide variety of wheels, baskets, seats, arm rests that are available allow the therapist to individualize the walker more than ever before. https://www.northeastmp.com/index.htm

http://store.mayer-johnson.com/us/boardmaker-family/boardmaker-v-6.html Boardmaker software is the premier software among educators for creating printed symbol-based communication and educational materials. A drawing program combined with a graphics database, Boardmaker features more than 4,500 Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) in 44 languages, all in both color and black-and-white. Boardmaker v. 6 helps you create symbol-based materials like:

//And that's just the beginning! // - Add more symbols to the core library, add digital images or other graphics. The possibilities never end! The Pocket Communicator X51 *
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Communication displays for AAC users
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Books
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Worksheets
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Flash cards
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Visual schedules
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Social skills stories
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Song and story boards
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">General educational and functional living skills materials
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Symbol-supported literacy activities for beginning and pre-readers
 * Eye Gaze Board**
 * Eye Gaze Board**

>> []
 * //__D Bisceglia-__//**
 * Word prediction, abbreviation/expansion

[] <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Wave switch-adapted trackball is <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">for students who prefer to work alone, or in small groups. WAVE is an affordable trackball for plug-and-play access to any computer. It is specifically designed for users with limited hand control, motor skill difficulty, hand-eye coordination challenges, and/or involuntary muscle spasms. The wave switch features an oversized trackball with free-running movement that requires only the slightest touch. Color-coded buttons allow for left/right clicks, as well as drag lock, giving users the ability to “lock on” to a screen object so it can be dragged without continuously pressing a button. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2 switch input jacks for single-switch access to left/right click buttons · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Large trackball with silky smooth movement requiring only the lightest touch
 * Voice recognition software

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">www.ablenetinc.com
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Durable optical technology with no mechanical wearing parts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Left/right and drag lock buttons
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Color-coded buttons mounted sub-flush to prevent accidental activation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Large footprint for stable operation and wrist support
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Plug-and-play PS2 and USB connections (no additional drivers required)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">PC and Mac compatible

//__**SEATING & POSITIONING**__// 1. The Pine Tree Society **Foot Stool** is useful in a variety of settings. 2. Students who have a physical disability or difficulties in the area of gross motor, along with students who receive occupational and/or physical therapy could benefit from this product. Students who have difficulty sitting in their chairs during instruction could possibly also benefit from this product. 3. This product is used to improve posture and increase optimum positioning. The use of foot stools in the classroom setting has helped children be more comfortable when sitting at a table or desk and prevents scissoring. http://www.pinetreesociety.org/products.asp?cat=12&pg=2 []
 * Ashley Gunner -**

//__**MOBILITY**__// A **walker** is a device used for individuals who need additional support to maintain balance and/or stability while walking. A walker consists of a standing frame that surrounds three sides of the user’s body. The user must be able to either hold the top frame at the sides of the body or have enough upper extremity strength and control to support the body if he is strapped to arm rests. Most simply the walker is picked up and placed a short distance ahead of the user. The user then steps to it and repeats the process. With the use of arm rests, straps, wheels and glides, the user may push the walker ahead as opposed to picking it up. This makes for easier use of the walker, as it does not require the user to use their arms to lift the walker. This is beneficial for those with little arm strength. The frame of the walker can be front or rear facing, depending on the skills of the user. A seat can also be added for rear-facing walkers to provide a resting place for the user. Walkers are useful for individuals with motor impairments or injuries that decrease ambulation skills regardless of the cause, whether it is a CNS disorder, amputation, leg or back injury, obesity, or balance (vestibular) issues. As a mobility device, today’s walkers allow the user to access his environment as safely and independently as possible. The wide variety of wheels, baskets, seats, arm rests that are available allow the therapist to individualize the walker more than ever before. https://www.northeastmp.com/index.htm
 * Walker**

1) A wheelchair is a wheeled mobility device in which users, unable to walk through the power of their own legs, sit. The device is propelled manually (by turning the wheels with the hand) either by the person sitting within the chair or by another person pushing the chair.
 * John LaFratta** - Manual Wheelchair

2) There are many reasons why people may require the use of a wheelchair, such as paralysis,amputation, muscular disease, cerebral palsy and chronic arthritic conditions being just a fewof the more common reasons. Whatever the reason, wheelchair users share the problem of being unable to walk. 3) Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness (physiological or physical), injury, or disability. The wheelchair will act as a means of mobile transportation for the user who thus would be unable to move or transport themselves without it.


 * SpinLife.Com**
 * []**
 * SpecialtyMedicalSupply**
 * []**


 * John LaFratta** - Grab Bars

1) A grab bar is an accessory that is normally used for stability near bathtubs and showers. However a grab bar can be used anywhere to minimize the risk of falling. Grab bars are empowering devices which provide a secure hand hold and offer individuals of all ages enhanced stability while standing or sitting.

2) People that would use grab bars are those with problems of stability or mobility. Such people have conditions that prevent them from maintaining a positive equilibrium and are unstable on their feet.

3) The purpose of the grab bar is to help you steady yourself while stepping along by using a hand held grip to maintain balance and remain steady on your feet.


 * Grab Bars and Grab Bar Installation and Services** h
 * h ttp://www.mrgrabbar.com/ **
 * GBS Grab Bar Specialists**
 * @http://www.grabbarspecialists.com/ **


 * Chris Adams - Powered Wheelchair with Joystick/Switch**

1. A powered wheelchair is a chair that has drive wheels connected to an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery pack. There are many variations of the powered wheelchair depending on seat type and arrangement of drive wheels. Some variations can even be folded, and appear more like a traditional non-powered chair, with added components. 2. An individual using a wheelchair would need a powered wheelchair if they were not able to control or power a traditional manual wheelchair. This could be due to limited use of upper or lower limbs, or from injuries from manual wheelchairs. These chairs may also be used by those with certain cardiovascular conditions. 3. The powered wheelchair gives freedom of movement back to individuals requiring a wheelchair. This wheelchair can be adapted to various controls, including joysticks or “sip-and-puff” tubes, depending on users’ range of motion abilities. The wheelchairs can also adapt to different positions, some even climbing stairs, and are available for various terrains.

Website: [] []

Examples 1. Independence Technologies – IBOT ( [] ) 2. Frank Mobility - Lifestand Compact ( [] )

//**__HEARING__**//

1. A classroom amplification system is a wireless microphone system that is used to amplify/clarify a teacher’s voice and evenly distribute the sound throughout the classroom. 2. Teachers of students with hearing impairments would use this device to amplify/clarify their voice. 3. The classroom amplification system projects and clarifies a teacher’s voice so that students with hearing impairments can hear the teacher and be able to access the general curriculum. Research shows that it also greatly benefits all other students in the general education classroom.
 * Amy Richardson-** **Classroom amplification system**

Light Speed REDCAT Audio System

[|__http://www.lightspeed-tek.com/redcat.aspx__]

Front Row Pro Digital Amplification System

[|__http://gofrontrow.com/products/frontrow-pro-digital__]

** __HEATHER HODSDON__ **- INFRARED SYSTEM

PRODUCT EXAMPLES The Personal Infrared System, model JAS485, is a person amplification system designed for use by individuals with hearing disabilities. This system includes an infrared transmitter/speaker, a microphone, and an infrared transmitter. The system can be used with the microphone to enhance conversation or it can be connected directly to an audio output jack of a television or other audio device. DIMENSIONS: Operates over an area of approximately 20 feet. WARRANTY: 90-day warranty. ([|http://www.abledata.com]) __Function__: Amplifies sound for an individual’s TV and/or stereo listening. __Features__: System operates on invisible infrared light beams. Transmitter hooks to TV or stereo. Stethoscope-style receiver. Power supply. Receiver uses rechargeable batteries (included). Transmitter is also rechargeable, batteries recharge in 5-8 hours. Automatic shutoff when device is not in use. __Considerations__: Operates in area of about 800 square feet. Shipping/Handling charges not included with sales price. __Requirements__: Used with TV and stereo listening equipment. ([|http://assistivetech.net])
 * 1) “The infrared systems are the newest assistive listening technology. These systems use modulated infrared light to transmit the audio signal to the listeners. An array of infrared light-emitting diodes (LED's), contained within a panel, produce the transmission. Special receivers with infrared detectors pick up the transmission. A modulator unit, either in a separate package or contained within the emitter panel, converts the audio signal from the sound system into the frequency and amplitude modulated voltages necessary to drive the emitter panel(s)” ( []  There are several types of IR receivers: stethoscope-style that dangle from the ears, a headset type that fits over the ears, and a small pocket-size type similar to the FM receiver  []
 * 2) Infrared Systems may be used by individuals who are hearing impaired
 * 3) Infrared Systems produce enhanced hearing for an individual. IR Systems reduce background noise and reverberations.
 * 1. Personal Infrared System (Model **** JAS **** 485) ** $69.95
 * 2. WIR 952 ** $229.00

There are a variety of classroom amplification systems available. I have been fortunate enough to have work with a variety of them, and have seen what works and what doesn’t work. In all of the amplification systems I have used the teacher wears a microphone that clips onto their shirt or they can wear it as a necklace, the other is head microphone. The first amplification system I used was where the speaker was placed in the student’s ear. This system is used for students who have little to no hearing at all. The reason it is placed in the students ear is so that they can set the tone, and volume at a frequency they can here. The next one I is where the student carries the speaker around in small box. I am not fond of this one because it makes the student stand out and draw attention to the fact they need help. I once worked with a student who would carry it around but never turn it on. The last system I am familiar with is where the speakers are mounted to the wall. I have seen this used for teachers who are losing their voice, as well as for students who need help hearing what is being said. I like this system because it doesn’t single out the student that needs the technology. Believe it or not the whole class benefits from this. The teacher just needs to remember to shut the device off when conferencing with students, teachers, or when they are not teaching lessons. Classroom amplification system []


 * John LaFratta** - Hearing Aids

1) A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes some sounds louder so that a person with hearing loss can listen, communicate, and participate more fully in daily activities. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.

2) Hearing aids are primarily useful in improving the hearing and speech comprehension of people who have hearing loss that results from damage to the small sensory cells in the inner ear, called hair cells. Hearing damage can occur as a result of disease, aging, or injury from noise or certain medicines.

3) A hearing aid magnifies sound vibrations entering the ear. Surviving hair cells detect the larger vibrations and convert them into neural signals that are passed along to the brain. The greater the damage to a person’s hair cells, the more severe the hearing loss, and the greater the hearing aid amplification needed to make up the difference. A hearing aid will enhance the detection of sound, enabling users improved hearing.

@http://www.aidright.com/ Hearing Aids Central.Com @http://www.hearingaidscentral.com/ **
 * AidRight Hearing Aids


 * Tessa Grassetti Real time captioning**

1) Real-time captions are created as an event takes place. It is the simultaneous process through which spoken-word English becomes readable English. A computer translates the phonetic symbols into English captions almost instantaneously. 2) Realtime Captioning is used primarily by people who are deaf and hard of hearing to facilitate communication. 3) Realtime Captioning is now considered an effective teaching aid, enabling deaf and hard of hearing students to watch lectures while taking their own notes, and allowing them to have immediate access to classroom transcripts, all of which foster student independence and confidence in an academic setting. []

1) Caption MIC Classroom: A captioning system designed for use with individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. This system is intended for use in classrooms and meetings where only one or two participants require captions. Simulated television-style captions are displayed on a notebook/laptop personal computer (PC) or VGA monitor. This system produces the captions using speech recognition technology. A voice captioner echoes what the instructor says in class, and the resulting captions are displayed on the laptop computer. Features include real-time captioning by voice and available text transcription. The package includes Caption Mic software, a custom-configured laptop computer, and a mask microphone. $4695.00. 2) CPC -500 VoiceCaptioner: a captioning software system designed to convert speech into text for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. This software is designed to work with a speech recognition program such as Dragon NaturallySpeaking or ViaVoice (not included, see separate entries). A computer is connected via a serial cable to a closed caption encoder that receives a video feed of the speaker. The speaker's words are automatically turned into captions. Captioning of multiple speakers is also possible. This captioning system can be used in classrooms, meetings and for broadcasting television programs. $1995.00. []
 * Examples of products:**

//__**VISION**__// ** __HEATHER HODSDON__ **- BRAILLE TRANSLATION SOFTWARE

PRODUCT EXAMPLES __Function__: Converts text into Braille format. __Features__: Software that provides translation and formatting to convert regular print to Braille (grades 1, 2 and intermediate levels). Also provides word processing facilities for working in Braille and print. __Options__: Windows or DOS version. __Considerations__: Manufactured by Duxbury Systems. ([|http://assistivetech.net]) The Tiger Software Suite 4.0 makes it easy to get accurate Braille translation in seconds. Insert text and graphics within familiar programs such as Word and Excel and translate with the touch of a button. It’s great for users of all skill levels! TSS is optimized for Tiger Braille printers- the latest in Braille technology. TSS is available in multiple languages __System Requirements:__ Operating System- Windows 2000, XP, Vista Office Versions: Office 2000, XP, 2003, 2007 Memory Requirements: 128 MB Storage Requirements: 10 MB Minimum Processor: Pentium processor or equivalent ([|http://www.viewplus.com])
 * 1) Braille Translation Software is used to convert print text into Braille characters.
 * 2) This software would assist people with vision impairments who are able to read Braille.
 * 3) Documents, books, worksheets, etc could be converted from a variety of languages into Braille characters to allow people with vision impairments to gain independence with reading and understanding written text.
 * 1. Duxbury Braille Translator ** $550 - $595
 * 2. Tiger Software Suite ( **** TSS **** ) ** $295
 * A free license of TSS is included with the purchase of a ViewPlus Embosser.


 * Screen magnifie**
 * Screen Magnifier**
 * A Screen magnifier**
 * 450 MHz processor; 1.5 GHz for Windows Vista
 * Windows Vista (both 32 and 64 bit OS are supported); Windows XP (32 bit OS only, 64 bit XP is not supported); Windows 2000
 * Internet Explorer 5.0 or later
 * Minimum 256 MB RAM (512 MB recommended); Minimum 1 GB RAM required for Windows Vista
 * Minimum 25 MB free hard disk space; (additional 60 MB for each NeoSpeech synthesizer)
 * Sound Card

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Get started today working with all your Microsoft and IBM Lotus® Symphony™ applications using JAWS <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">® <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">, the world's most popular screen reader. Developed for computer users whose vision loss prevents them from seeing screen content, JAWS reads aloud what's on the PC screen. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">JAWS enables you to work with Lotus Symphony, a suite of IBM® tools for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation creation and with Lotus Notes® by IBM. JAWS also is compatible with Microsoft® Office Suite, MSN Messenger®, Corel® WordPerfect, Adobe® Acrobat Reader, Internet Explorer™, Firefox™ - and many more applications that are used on a regular basis on the job and in school.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">http://www.freedomscientific.com/products/fs/jaws-product-page.asp **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Powerful access to screen content **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Compatible with the most frequently-used workplace and classroom applications **

=**Sharon Yandell- computerized note taker**= 1. Electronic braille notetakers are small, portable devices with braille keyboards for entering information. They use a speech synthesizer or braille display for output. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">2. This PDA style notetaker is useful for blind or low vision individuals. 3. Data entered into a PDA may be transferred to a larger computer with more memory, reviewed using the built-in speech synthesizer or braille display, or printed on a braille or inkprint printer. http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=4&TopicID=31&DocumentID=1282
 * BrailleNote mPower QT32 made by Humanware**


 * Tessa Grassetti Alternative Keyboard with enlarged labels**

1) For students who have difficulty using a standard keyboard, there are a variety of alternatives. There are large print keyboards with oversized typeface, or keyboards available with enlarged labels. 2) Alternative keyboards with enlarged labels are designed for use by individuals with vision difficulties, such as low vision. 3) Larger keys provide an easier target for students to locate and activate. Therefore, providing a means for students with low vision to successfully use the keyboard independently and with more accuracy. Examples of Products: ** 1) ** Enlarged Alpha and Numeric Keytop: ** Large-print labels that can be placed on computer keys. These Keytops are designed to fit IBM-PC and compatible keyboards, and have letters printed in 38 point type rather than the standard 18 point type. The 14 point numeric symbols are enlarged to 32 point type. These Keytops are available in black on white or white on black. 2) ** IntelliKeys Keyboard ** (IntelliTools, Inc.): This flexible keyboard meets a wide variety of learning needs. You can change the way IntelliKeys looks and functions by simply sliding in a different overlay. Each of the standard overlays has a bar code that is instantly recognized by IntelliKeys, so no previous "set up" is necessary. IntelliKeys comes with six standard overlays that are ready to use with any word processing program or software that requires a keyboard. Switch users can choose from two built-in programmable switch jacks. The keyboard can be further modified for additional products. (Mac, PC) [] []


 * Chris Adams - Large Print Books**

1. Large print books are any books over with a font size over 16 pts. These books are usually provided on a larger surface which better suits the larger size of the text. 2. Large print books are used by those with various vision problems. This can mean problems seeing the small text because of reduced vision, or problems with contrast between smaller text and the background surface because of retinal problems. Other reading issues addressed by large print can include dyslexia, macular degeneration, and difficulties with eye tracking. 3. The larger text makes it easier for people to read because of the size of the typeface. The larger characters can also provide better contrast for viewing. The larger media surface can also help those with arthritis better handle the book. Some electronic versions of large print books also have “read-to-me” capabilities. Special-order large print books can be customized to meet the reader’s needs, including different typefaces, print size, and book size. Another option is to change the size of the spacing between the lines to prevent readers from jumping from one line to another.

Website: []

Examples 1. Amazon – Kindle ( [] ) 2. Custom large print books ( [] )

1. CCTV is "a television transmission system in which live or prerecorded signals are sent over a closed loop to a finite and predetermined group of receivers, either via coaxial cable or as scrambled radio waves that are unscrambled at the point of reception." It is often used for surveillance purposes. (http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=closedcircui) However, one of its uses is for magnification. A video magnifier, or closed-circuit television (CCTV) system uses a stand-mounted or handheld video camera to project a magnified image onto a video monitor, a television (TV) screen, or a computer monitor. (American Foundation for the Blind) 2. People who have low vision can use this system in order to access books and other materials with small print. 3. CCTV allows users to place something, such as a book or map, under a video camera. The image will appear on the screen of the CCTV in a magnified form. This works for people with low vision because reading from an enlarged font reduces eye strain. The CCTV allows more materials to be accessible to people with low vision. http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=4&TopicID=31&DocumentID=221 []
 * Lauren Convery-CCTV (closed circuit television)**

Products:

[]
 * QuickLook Focus**: $1049

[]
 * Optelec Clear View+ 17" Color LCD**: $2695

1. Braille keyboard labels are stickers that are placed over the keys of a keyboard. Each sticker represents one of the original keyboard keys but is written in Braille. 2. This is an ideal product for people who are blind or who have minimal vision. 3. Braille keyboard labels allow blind people to use a standard keyboard to type and perform other typical keyboard functions. They can be applied to the keyboards of laptops and desktops.
 * Lauren Convery-Enlarged or Braille/tactile keyboard labels**

[] **Braille and Black on Yellow Large Print Sticker Label Kit**: $19.95 [] $19.95
 * Braille Keyboard Labels**: $19.95

Vision: Large Print Books ** 1) Large Print Books. Almost any book printed can be ordered in large print 2) If the student is having trouble seeing close up or if the print is too small. 3) It aids the student in reading the book that is being read in class. [|www.largeprintbooks.com] []
 * Sally Brooks

1) The software can translate Braille into English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Arabic, Malaysian, Swedish, and other languages 2) When a student is blind they cannot use a computer as easily as someone who is not blind. 3) This software makes it easy for someone who is bi-lingual to translate Braille into multiple languages. [] []
 * Sally Brooks**
 * Vision: Braille Translation Software **

1) A magnifier, it can be any size or color. 2) If the student is looking at an object and it’s too small to see all the necessary features required. 3) If the teacher wanted to have the students take a closer look at something. [] [] Type in the content of your page here.
 * Sally Brooks**
 * Vision: Magnifier **

Mechanics of Writing __Slantboards__ 1. A slant board is a slanted workspace that puts documents higher up to eye level so a person can see it more clearly and at an angle. 2. This assistive tool would be used for someone that has difficulty visually seeing documents and difficulty writing clearly. Slant boards can also be used to help students with poor handwriting or a poor pencil grip to write correctly and more clearly. 3.A slant board is a tool used to assist children and adults with visual impairments to read and write. This tool enables people to view documents more clearly and learn to write if they have difficulty holding a pencil correctly. [] Reading __Electronic Books__ 1. Electronic books are electronic forms of text. They are books that have been published in a digital format on computers or other devices. 2. A person that is unable to read could listen to these books in order to get the information they needed or in order to read novels and various texts. 3.Electronic books help people that cannot read or people that have visual impairments and are unable to successfully view text. [] Seating and Positioning __Non Slip Surface of Chair__ 1. A non slip chair surface is a cushion that is placed on the top of a chair. It is a cushion that fits comfortably on a chair that is usually made of rubber and is flexible and comfortable. 2. A person that has difficulty staying still in a chair or tends to fidget in their seat would benefit from this tool. 3. This tool assists people that are unable to stay still in their seat. This tool is good in assisting children with various disorders such as ADD to keep them sitting still in their seat. []
 * Jennifer Dowson**-slant boards, electronic books, non slip surface of chair